What type of navigation system utilizes the concept of proportional movement of control surfaces based on flight path correlation?

Proportional navigation is a sophisticated navigation method used in missile guidance and other applications where precise control and trajectory tracking are essential. This system works by continuously adjusting the control surfaces of an aircraft or missile based on the proportional movement relative to its desired flight path. The core idea is that the navigation system calculates the necessary adjustments required to steer towards a target by correlating its current position and velocity with the desired trajectory.

By utilizing proportional navigation, the system maintains a consistent line of sight to the target and adjusts its movements accordingly. This is particularly effective in scenarios where both the target and the missile are moving, allowing for responsive adjustments that enhance accuracy and efficacy. The method ensures that the deviation from the expected path is minimized, enhancing the overall navigation performance.

In contrast, other navigation concepts such as closed-loop systems focus on feedback control mechanisms rather than direct correlation with the flight path. Active navigation systems typically involve guiding vehicles with external references or inputs, while linear navigation principles might not incorporate the proportional adjustments seen in proportional navigation. Thus, the characteristics and functionality of proportional navigation distinctly support its identification as the correct choice in this context.